NASA
The 'NASA SkyCam' clip, showing a triangular craft with prominent 'red exhausts', is fueling intense debate. Pixabay

Think of a silent alien visitor from another star system that is now speeding towards our planet. The behaviour of the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS is so strange that astronomers are starting to doubt the laws of physics.

The ATLAS survey telescope found this object for the first time on July 1, 2025. It is the third known interstellar visitor to our Solar System and the scientific world is holding its breath because there are only 18 days left until it comes closest to Earth. The close approach is set for December 19, 2025, when 3I/ATLAS will be about 270 million kilometres from Earth.

This is not just another flyby; the object will pass almost twice as close as it did when Hubble took its famous picture. All of the best telescopes in the world, from the James Webb Space Telescope to the best ground-based arrays, are now focused on this one strange point of light.

Even though the object's activity is naturally slowing down because it is so far from the Sun—its gas clouds are fading and its bright coma is getting weaker—its strange features are only getting stronger. What is this thing hiding, and why does it seem to go against what we know about how comets move?

3I/ATLAS
3I/ATLAS Paul Craggs/X

The Baffling Phenomenon of the 3I/ATLAS Anti-Tail

Some people might think that 3I/ATLAS is just a common interstellar object passing through our solar system, but its most interesting feature, the 'anti-tail,' shows that this is not the case. In traditional astronomy, solar radiation and solar wind push dust and gas away from the Sun, which is what makes a comet's tail. This is a basic rule of physics.

But this strange visitor is doing the exact opposite. Its huge, unexplainable tail is pointing straight at the Sun, which goes against the laws of physics and has left all experts completely confused. The solar wind and radiation pressure are pushing the material in a direction that is completely opposite to what they want it to go.

To understand how big this cosmic problem is, you need to look at how strange the anti-tail is and how long it lasts. The anti-tail of 3I/ATLAS is more than a million kilometres long. This is an incredible distance, hundreds of times longer than what astronomers would expect from a normal comet.

Also, the feature stays stable and long-lasting, which is much longer than what traditional models of solar radiation and comet behaviour would suggest. The most important question is still: What strange, unknown force is pushing this huge jet of material towards the Sun, against the strong forces of radiation pressure and the solar wind?

Radical Theories: Is 3I/ATLAS a Non-Natural Object?

When known physics cannot elucidate an observation, it compels scientists to entertain progressively radical hypotheses. The mystery of the anti-tail has led to a number of exciting and speculative theories about what 3I/ATLAS is.

The most conservative explanation is that the object could be undergoing extremely strong outgassing from its nucleus, releasing material at such a high speed that it temporarily overcomes the normal forces of the solar wind.

Researchers have pointed out that this theory does not fully explain the stability of the anti-tail or its extraordinary, long length, which should break down much faster under normal cometary dynamics.

Adding to the confusion, spectroscopic studies have shown that the object's coma has a lot of Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and strange amounts of Nickel (Ni) and not much Iron (Fe). This is very different from what you would expect from a normal comet.

Another, more grounded hypothesis proposes that the comet might have an internal pressure that pushes material outward in a very controlled way. This pressure could come from strange internal heating or complicated interactions with its own volatile gases.

But this still does not explain how big the anti-tail is. The absence of a satisfactory conventional explanation supports the most audacious theory: that 3I/ATLAS may not be a natural comet, but rather an artificial object of extraterrestrial origin.

This idea is purely speculative and does not have any solid evidence to back it up right now. It suggests that the strange behaviour could be caused by a propulsion or energy mechanism that we do not fully understand yet. If this is true, 3I/ATLAS could be showing us not only a new kind of space rock, but also parts of physics that we have not found yet.

Orbit
NASA/JPL-Caltech/NASA

The Global Race for 3I/ATLAS Data

As 3I/ATLAS gets closer, the race to find its secrets has reached a fever pitch. It is not just space agencies like NASA and their high-tech tools that are leading the way in a surprising turn of events. Independent and amateur astronomers have started taking amazing pictures of 3I/ATLAS with relatively small telescopes on Earth. These pictures are just as good as the data collected by advanced space-based systems.

This unprecedented display of citizen science brings up an important question: Can independent observations from Earth outpace the data collected by NASA's high-tech systems, especially as the object gets closer to Mars, where some of the agency's cameras are located? It is a tense race for important information.

But this data race has made some people in the scientific community suspicious. As new data and images come in, some people have noticed gaps in technical updates from official agencies that can not be explained. There have also been reports of sudden reannotations or delays in the release of information from NASA.

NASA said that the main reason for the delay in releasing the long-awaited HiRISE images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) was the U.S. government shutdown, which made it harder to process data.

However, this lack of transparency has led to growing suspicions that the world's leading scientific authorities may be hiding important information about the object's true nature. The more we learn about the mystery of 3I/ATLAS, the more it makes us question not only what we know about the universe, but also the institutions that are supposed to teach us.

As 3I/ATLAS gets closer to Earth, the mystery grows. What is this thing really, and what secrets does it hold? The clock is ticking down to its closest approach, which could give us answers to some of the biggest questions about our universe.

The journey of 3I/ATLAS is coming to an end quickly. The truth is hidden in the data, whether it is an icy, hyper-anomalous comet pushing the limits of what we know about cometary physics or a technological artefact that shows propulsion beyond what we can understand.

The countdown is on because the object will be closest to us on December 19, 2025, which is a great time to see it. The world needs openness, and it needs to see the whole picture, especially the HiRISE pictures taken near Mars, right away.